(1. 北京科技大學(xué) 土木與環(huán)境工程學(xué)院，北京 100083；
2. 貴州大學(xué) 礦業(yè)學(xué)院，貴陽(yáng) 550025)
摘 要: 對(duì)單礦物和鈣質(zhì)磷礦石進(jìn)行浮選試驗(yàn)，采用掃描電鏡和能譜儀分析氟離子與碳酸鹽礦物表面作用機(jī)理。結(jié)果表明：當(dāng)pH值約為5時(shí)，白云石和方解石可浮性較好，氟磷灰石可浮性差，氟離子對(duì)3種礦物浮選影響較小。而在中性和堿性條件下，氟離子對(duì)白云石、方解石和氟磷灰石都具有活化作用。在磨機(jī)中添加氟化鈉，獲得良好的磷礦石浮選指標(biāo)；氟離子與碳酸鹽在礦物表面作用生成氟化鈣，生成反應(yīng)與礦物粒度、NaF濃度及反應(yīng)時(shí)間相關(guān)，氟離子首先會(huì)與小粒度礦物發(fā)生作用。繪制加氟離子后方解石和白云石的LSD圖，分析表明較高的氟濃度和堿性條件有利于氟化鈣的形成和礦物溶解，促進(jìn)碳酸鹽礦物的浮選。
關(guān)鍵字: 白云石；方解石；氟離子；浮選；磷礦
（1. School of Civil and Environment Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Biejing 100083, China;
2. Mining College, Guizhou University, Guiyang550025, China）
Abstract:The pure mineral and phosphate rock flotation tests were conducted, and fluorine content on the carbonate mineral surface was analyzed by EDS. The results show that floatabilities of dolomite and calcite are better than that of fluorapatite when pH value is 5, while the effect of fluoride ion on three minerals flotation is little. The dolomite, calcite and fluorapatite are activated by fluoride ion at neutral and alkaline conditions. When NaF is added before ore grinding, the better flotation indexes of phosphate rock can be obtained. Fluoride ion reacts with the carbonate to form calcium fluoride on the mineral surface. The reaction is affected by the factors, such as mineral grain size, NaF concentration and chemical reaction time. Fluoride ion will react with the small particle firstly. Logarithmic concentration diagrams of calcite and dolomite suspension in saturated solution and air were drawn. Based on the analysis of the diagrams, it is believed that, at higher fluorine concentration and alkaline conditions, the formation of calcium fluoride and dissolution of minerals can be easily performed, which promotes flotation of the carbonates.
Key words: dolomite; calcite; flotation; fluoride ion; phosphate rock
