(1. 內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué) 材料與冶金學(xué)院，包頭 014010；
2. 北京化工大學(xué) 材料科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院，北京 100029)
摘 要: 采用氯化鋁鹽酸體系配合浸出包頭混合稀土精礦，并對浸出過程動力學(xué)進(jìn)行研究，浸出過程主要考察鹽酸和氯化鋁的濃度、液固比、攪拌速度、溫度及反應(yīng)時間對精礦浸出的影響。結(jié)果表明，隨著鹽酸和氯化鋁的濃度和液固比的增大、反應(yīng)時間的延長和反應(yīng)溫度的升高，精礦的浸出率逐漸增大，得到的優(yōu)化浸出工藝條件如下：HCl和AlCl3濃度分別為4.0 mol/L和1.5 mol/L，液固比為20 mL/g，攪拌速度為300 r/min，溫度為85 ℃，時間為90 min。SEM-EDS及動力學(xué)分析結(jié)果表明，精礦浸出過程符合一種受固體顆粒表面的界面交換和固膜擴(kuò)散混合控制的新縮小核模型，表觀活化能為35.3 kJ/mol，阿倫尼烏斯常數(shù)k0=419.95，反應(yīng)級數(shù)a，b和c分別為1.265，1.208和1.22，通過計(jì)算推導(dǎo)出反應(yīng)動力學(xué)方程。
關(guān)鍵字: 氯化鋁；鹽酸；浸出；稀土精礦；動力學(xué)；活化能
（1. School of Materials and Metallurgy, Inner Mongolia Science and Technology University, Baotou 014010, China;
2. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China）
Abstract:The complex leaching kinetics of Baotou mixed rare earth concentrate in HCl-AlCl3 solution was investigated. The effects of HCl concentration, AlCl3 concentration, liquid to solid ratio, stirring speed, temperature and reaction time were investigated. The results indicate that the concentrate leaching ratio increases with increasing the HCl and AlCl3 concentrations, liquid to solid ratio, temperature and reaction time. The optimal conditions are as follows: concentrations of HCl and AlCl3 are 4.0 mol/L and 1.5 mol/L, respectively, the liquid to solid ratio is 20 mL/g, the stirring speed is 300 r/min, temperature is 85 ℃, reaction time is 90 min. The SEM-EDS and kinetic analysis show that the concentrate leaching conforms with a new shrinking core model, in which both the interfacial transfer and diffusion through the product layer affect the reaction rate. The apparent activation energy is 35.3 kJ/mol, the Arrhenius constant k0 is 419.95, and the reaction series a, b, c are 1.27, 1.21 and 1.22, respectively. A kinetic equation was derived to describe the process.
Key words: aluminium chloride; hydrochloric acid; leaching; mixed rare earth concentrate; kinetics; activation energy
