(北京科技大學(xué) 金屬礦山高效開采與安全教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，北京 100083)
摘 要: 根據(jù)配比試驗(yàn)，利用水泥、河砂、鹽和水制作類砂巖型鹽巖礦石試樣，以水為浸出劑對(duì)不同品位試樣進(jìn)行浸礦特性試驗(yàn)，考察浸出液濃度隨浸出時(shí)間的演變規(guī)律；討論鹽類浸出機(jī)理與其溶浸過(guò)程多相反應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué)；運(yùn)用收縮核心模型和區(qū)域反應(yīng)模型對(duì)浸出過(guò)程進(jìn)行擬合，并分析浸出作用對(duì)試件強(qiáng)度及破壞形式的影響。結(jié)果表明：隨著浸出時(shí)間的增加，整個(gè)浸出過(guò)程中浸出液濃度呈現(xiàn)由指數(shù)增長(zhǎng)到線性增長(zhǎng)、最后趨于穩(wěn)定的3個(gè)階段；鹽類的浸出是一個(gè)溶解與結(jié)晶共同作用的過(guò)程，溶質(zhì)的濃度差為浸出反應(yīng)的根本動(dòng)力；試件品位越高，其浸出液濃度變化曲線中的指數(shù)階段越明顯，線性階段的斜率就越大；浸出率隨時(shí)間同樣表現(xiàn)出類似的3個(gè)階段，但其品位越高，其最終浸出率反而越低；修正的收縮核心模型和區(qū)域反應(yīng)模型可以用于擬合浸出液的濃度曲線；浸出后，試件的單軸抗壓強(qiáng)度略有增加，但其破壞形式未發(fā)生變化，均為單斜面壓-剪破壞。
關(guān)鍵字: 溶浸采礦；鹽巖；動(dòng)力學(xué)模型；浸出率
（State Key Laboratory of High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines, Ministry of Education,
University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China）
Abstract:Based on the ratio test, the specimens for simulating sandstone type salt rock of different grades and consisting of cement, river sand, salt and water were made. The leaching experiment was carried out to explore the evolution rules of the concentration of the leaching solution. The leaching mechanism of salt and kinetics of the multi-phase reaction were analyzed. Shrinking core model and regional reaction model were used to fit the leaching process, and the effects of leaching on uniaxial compressive strength and its failure type were analyzed. The results show that, with the increase of leaching time, the concentration of the leaching solution goes through three stages: exponential growth phase, linear growth phase and stable phase. The leaching of salt is a procedure under the function of dissolution and crystallization, with concentration gradient of solute being the essential motivating force. The higher the grade of specimen, the more obvious the exponential growth phase, and the sharper the slope of the linear growth phase. The leaching rate also has the similar three phases as the concentration of the leaching solution, but the higher the grade, the lower the final leaching rate. The modified shrinking core model and regional reaction model can be used to fit the concentration curves of leaching solution. The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of the sample increases a little after leaching, however, the failure type of which does not change, and all of them are single bevel shear compression failure.
Key words: solution mining; salt rock; kinetic model; leaching rate
