(1. 中國科學院 蘭州化學物理研究所 固體潤滑國家重點實驗室，蘭州 730000；
2. 中國科學院大學，北京 100039)
摘 要: 采用循環(huán)伏安和計時電流技術考察氯化膽堿-乙二醇低共熔溶劑中鎳在鉑電極上的電沉積行為，利用掃描電子顯微鏡及X射線衍射技術研究電流密度對鎳鍍層形貌及織構變化的影響。結果表明：鎳在氯化膽堿-乙二醇低共熔溶劑中的電沉積過程是準可逆的，其形核/生長過程遵循Scharifker-Hill三維形核模型。初始階段，鎳離子的形核/生長過程按三維連續(xù)形核機制，隨后趨向于三維瞬時形核機制。隨電流密度的增大，鍍層厚度增加，晶粒尺寸減小，鎳(111)晶面擇優(yōu)取向減弱，鍍層表面形貌則由錐形顆粒狀變?yōu)椴灰?guī)則的多面體顆粒狀，最后變?yōu)閳A球形胞狀結構。
關鍵字: 納米晶鎳；電沉積；形核；形貌；織構
（1. State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China）
Abstract:The Ni electro-crystallization behavior on copper electrode was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry, the microscopic morphology and crystalline structure of the deposited layer at various current densities were examined using SEM and XRD techniques. The results show that the Ni deposition is quasireversible, the nucleation/growth process follows Scharifker-Hill three dimensional (3D) mode. The nucleation/growth conforms to 3D progressive mechanism at initial stage, and then, changes to 3D instantaneous progressive nucleation. With increasing the current density, the coating thickness increases, the size of nickel crystals decreases and the (111) fiber orientation growth decreases. The morphologies of Ni coating transform from large pyramid-like particles to irregular polyhedron-like particles, and then, becomes spherosome-like cellular.
Key words: nanocrystalline nickel; electrodeposition; nucleation; morphology; texture
