(1. 中國(guó)科學(xué)院 過(guò)程工程研究所 多相復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室, 北京 100190；
2. 北京科技大學(xué) 土木與環(huán)境工程學(xué)院，北京 100083)
摘 要: 采用硫酸銨焙燒-水浸出-細(xì)菌浸出處理工藝，研究高鎂型低品位硫化鎳礦的浸出工藝路線及礦物的轉(zhuǎn)化機(jī)理。結(jié)果表明：鎳、銅、鎂和鐵的浸出率分別可達(dá)93.24%、92.07%、62.67%和63.39%；焙燒和細(xì)菌浸出對(duì)礦物都有選擇性，焙燒過(guò)程中含鐵較高的蛇紋石易與硫酸銨相作用，鐵元素生成無(wú)水鐵銨礬，鎂元素生成 (NH4)2Mg2(SO4)3和鎂橄欖石，和原礦中的橄欖石一起在水浸、細(xì)菌浸出過(guò)程中溶解進(jìn)入溶液。含鐵量較低的蛇紋石在焙燒、水浸過(guò)程中基本不發(fā)生變化，只有少量鐵元素在細(xì)菌浸出過(guò)程中被浸出，而鎂隨蛇紋石損失于細(xì)菌浸出渣；含銅、鎳礦物同硫酸銨相作用生成硫酸鹽，在水浸、細(xì)菌浸出過(guò)程中進(jìn)入溶液；磁黃鐵礦焙燒后生成的赤鐵礦在水浸、細(xì)菌浸出過(guò)程中被少量浸出，剩余部分殘留于細(xì)菌浸出渣，造成氧化鐵的損失。
關(guān)鍵字: 硫化鎳礦；硫酸銨焙燒；嗜酸氧化亞鐵硫桿菌；微生物浸出；選擇性浸出
（1. State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
2. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China）
Abstract:The leaching process and mechanism of high magnesium low grade nickel sulphide ore were studied by ammonium sulfate roasting-water leaching-bacterial leaching technology, and the mineral transformation mechanism was also researched. The results show that the leaching rates of Ni, Cu, Mg and Fe are 93.24%, 92.07%, 62.67% and 63.39%, respectively. The roasting and bacterial leaching processes are selective for minerals. The serpentine with high iron content is easy to react with ammonium sulfate in the roasting process. Iron element in serpentine generates anhydrous ammonium alum. Magnesium element in serpentine generates (NH4)2Mg2(SO4)3 and forsterite, which dissolve into the solution in the process of water and bacterial leaching with olivine in the ore. The serpentine with low iron content basically does not change in the process, only a small amount of iron element is leached in the bacterial leaching process, while magnesium is not easy to be leached and finally left in bacterial leaching slag. Copper and nickel sulfide minerals react with ammonium sulfate to form sulfate, which dissolve in solution in the water and bacterial leaching process. Pyrrhotite generates hematite in the roasting process, little part of which is leached in the water and bacterial leaching process. The remaining part is left in the bacterial leaching residue, resulting in the loss of iron oxide.
Key words: nickel sulfide; ammonium sulfate; roasting; A.ferrooxidans bacteria; bacterial leaching; selective leaching
