(1. 上海交通大學(xué) 材料科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院，上海 200240；
2. 上海交通大學(xué) 平野材料創(chuàng)新研究所，上海 200240)
摘 要: 基于新能源汽車/風(fēng)力發(fā)電對(duì)高性能動(dòng)力電機(jī)的需求與稀土資源危機(jī)的考慮，迫使人們重新審視燒結(jié)NdFeB永磁體發(fā)展的新趨勢(shì)。燒結(jié)NdFeB永磁體具有的優(yōu)異性能與其晶界微觀結(jié)構(gòu)、化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)/組分特征以及基體相的內(nèi)稟性能密切相關(guān)。近期利用3DAP、NBED、EELS和STEM等納米級(jí)尺度的解析手段，揭示了界面微區(qū)的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)與化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)/組分特征，對(duì)深入理解微磁學(xué)理論起到了推動(dòng)作用，并衍生了許多改善磁體性能的新技術(shù)。本文作者綜述磁體晶界微觀結(jié)構(gòu)的最新進(jìn)展、磁體制備的新技術(shù)與其微觀機(jī)制，并總結(jié)分析了近期在第一性原理計(jì)算研究和Nd2Fe14B單晶實(shí)驗(yàn)研究方面的一些新動(dòng)態(tài)。
關(guān)鍵字: NdFeB永磁體；稀土；晶界；單晶體；新能源；第一性原理計(jì)算
（1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
2. Hirano Institute for Materials Innovation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China）
Abstract:Due to a recent demand on new energy systems, such as hybrid/electrical vehicles and wind turbines for electricity generation etc., and considering the “rare earth crisis”, there has been a revived interest in sintered NdFeB permanent magnets because of their outstanding comprehensive properties. The microstructure and chemical structure/ composition characteristic of the grain boundary, as well as the intrinsic properties of Nd2Fe14B matrix phase, are closely related to the magnetic properties of sintered NdFeB magnets. Recent nanoscale characterization studies using 3DAP, NBED, EELS and STEM have revealed the microstructure and chemical characteristics of the interface between grain boundary phase and matrix phase, which have made a substantial contribution towards understanding the micromagnetism and induced new technologies for improving the properties of the magnets. In this work, new developments and understandings on the microstructure evolution of the grain boundary were reviewed, as well as the new technologies for magnet processing and their corresponding micromechanism. First-principles calculations and the experimental investigation of Nd2Fe14B single crystals were also discussed.
Key words: NdFeB permanent magnet; rare earth; grain boundary; single crystal; new energy; first-principles calculations
