(南華大學(xué) 核資源工程學(xué)院，衡陽(yáng) 421001)
摘 要: 尾礦壩壩體材料的物理力學(xué)特性因毛細(xì)作用會(huì)發(fā)生較大變化，這種變化勢(shì)必影響尾礦壩的安全穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)。為此，開展了尾礦壩現(xiàn)場(chǎng)取樣、室內(nèi)毛細(xì)水上升測(cè)試等研究工作。結(jié)果表明，尾礦砂中毛細(xì)水的上升規(guī)律呈初期迅速而后期緩慢的變化趨勢(shì)，這是其受多種作用力的共同作用所致。毛細(xì)水在短時(shí)間內(nèi)就能上升到較大高度，前3天的毛細(xì)水上升高度約為最終上升高度的50%以上，之后毛細(xì)水持續(xù)緩慢上升直至穩(wěn)定。這表明尾礦壩內(nèi)毛細(xì)水將隨浸潤(rùn)線的升高而迅速升高，從而影響尾礦砂的物理力學(xué)性質(zhì)，進(jìn)而可能在短期內(nèi)影響尾礦壩的穩(wěn)定性。采用冪函數(shù)對(duì)該金屬礦山尾礦壩尾礦砂中毛細(xì)水隨時(shí)間的變化關(guān)系進(jìn)行了擬合，獲得了毛細(xì)水上升規(guī)律計(jì)算式。
關(guān)鍵字: 尾礦壩；毛細(xì)水；上升高度
（School of Nuclear Resources Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China）
Abstract:The influence of capillary water on the physical and mechanical properties of dam materials of tailings dam is great, which will affect on the stability of tailings dam. Therefore, in-situ sampling and laboratory rising tests were carried out to study the rising law of capillary water in a tailings dam of a metal mine. The results show that the tendency of rising velocity of capillary water is fast increasing then decreasing, which is caused by combined action of several forces. The rising height of the capillary water in early 3 days is above 50% of the final rising height and keeps on increasing until stable. This indicate that capillary water will rise rapidly with the increase of phreatic level of tailings dam, which can impact the physical and mechanical properties of tailings sand and influence the stability of the tailings dam in a short time. The relation between rising height of capillary water and time can be better fitted by the power function, and the calculation equations are obtained.
Key words: tailings dam; capillary water; rising height
