(中南大學(xué) 冶金與環(huán)境學(xué)院，長(zhǎng)沙 410083)
摘 要: 研究鋅粉置換鎵鍺渣的高壓酸浸過(guò)程，考察硫酸濃度、液固比、浸出時(shí)間、浸出溫度、助浸劑種類和添加量對(duì)Ga、Ge浸出率以及浸出渣過(guò)濾性能的影響。結(jié)果表明：增加硫酸濃度有利于Ga、Ge的浸出，但硫酸濃度超過(guò)156 g/L后，反而不利于Ge的浸出。浸出時(shí)間和溫度對(duì)Ga、Ge浸出率影響較小，但增加浸出時(shí)間或提高反應(yīng)溫度均有利于改善浸出渣的過(guò)濾性能。添加硝酸鈉或硝酸鈣均可促進(jìn)Ga、Ge的浸出，且硝酸鈣的添加還可改善浸出渣的過(guò)濾性能。在硫酸濃度156 g/L、助浸劑硝酸鈣60 g/L、液固比8、浸出溫度150 ℃下浸出3 h，Ga、Ge浸出率可分別達(dá)到98%和94%以上，且浸出料漿過(guò)濾速度較常壓酸浸時(shí)的提高近20倍。
關(guān)鍵字: 鎵；鍺；高壓酸浸；浸出率；過(guò)濾性能；助浸
（School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract:The high pressure acid leaching of zinc powder replacement residue containing gallium and germanium was carried out. The effects of sulfuric acid concentration, liquid to solid ratio, time, temperature, as well as the kind and concentration of leaching assistant agents on the leaching rates of gallium and germanium were studied, the filterabilities of the leaching residues were also investigated. The results show that increasing sulfuric acid concentration till 156 g/L benefits the leaching of gallium and germanium. Above this point, the leaching rate of germanium will decrease. The increase of leaching time or temperature has little influence on the leaching rates of gallium and germanium, but the filterabilities of leaching residues are improved obviously. Adding cadmium nitrate or sodium nitrate can improve the leaching of gallium and germanium, moreover, adding cadmium nitrate can also improves the filterability of the leaching residue sharply. The sample of zinc powder replacement residues is leached for 3 h under the conditions of sulfuric acid concentration of 156 g/L, cadmium nitrate concentration of 60 g/L as leaching assistant agent, liquid to solid ratio of 8, temperature of 150 ℃, the leaching rates obtained are over 98% for gallium and over 94% for germanium, respectively. Moreover, the filterability of the leaching residue is 20 times more than that of the residue obtained under normal pressure acid leaching condition.
Key words: gallium; germanium; high pressure acid leaching; leaching rate; filterability; leaching assistant
