(東北大學(xué) 材料與冶金學(xué)院，沈陽(yáng) 110819)
摘 要: 為了高效回收高鉛銅陽(yáng)極泥中貴金屬，改進(jìn)陽(yáng)極泥的現(xiàn)行生產(chǎn)工藝，采用XRD、SEM和顯微鏡等對(duì)陽(yáng)極泥進(jìn)行工藝礦物學(xué)研究。結(jié)果表明：陽(yáng)極泥的顆粒較細(xì)，成分復(fù)雜，貴金屬主要為Au 0.33%、Ag 9.94%、Pd 0.1%(質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù))；賤金屬主要為Cu 16.35%、Pb 13.74%。主要物相包括金以及金鉛合金、銅銀硒化合物、硫酸鹽、砷酸鹽、銻酸鹽以及氧化物。分析得知，金主要有單質(zhì)金以及金鉛合金兩種物相，其質(zhì)量比約為3:1。其粒度大小不均勻，最大粒度為15 μm，最小粒度為0.1 μm。單質(zhì)金常常被包裹在硫酸銅里面，因而，在提取金之前要先脫銅。銀以硒化銀和銅銀硒的形式存在，3種元素混溶形成固溶體。主要賤金屬銅為單質(zhì)銅、硫酸銅、銅銀硒以及黃銅礦。鉛為硫酸鉛、銻酸鉛、砷酸鉛以及硫化鉛；砷銻鉍化合物主要包括砷酸鉛、銻酸鉛、砷酸鉍和砷酸銻。結(jié)構(gòu)特征分析表明：高鉛銅陽(yáng)極泥以硫酸銅為基底，氧化鎳常包裹單質(zhì)銅，砷酸銻常包裹黃銅礦，硫酸鋇與硫酸鉛常交互生長(zhǎng)。
關(guān)鍵字: 銅陽(yáng)極泥；工藝礦物學(xué)；貴金屬；金；銀；高鉛
（School of Materials and Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China）
Abstract:In order to improve the technology of the process of noble metal extracted from high lead copper anode slime, the process mineralogy was investigated by XRD, SEM and microscope. The particle size of high lead anode slime is small, and the composition is complex. The main noble metals are Au 0.33%, Ag 9.94% and Pd 0.1% (mass fraction), and the main base metals are Cu 16.35% and Pb 13.74%. The chief phases include Au and gold-lead alloy, eukairite, sulfate, arsenate, antimonate and oxygen. The results show that there are two main phases of gold as elemental gold and gold-lead alloy with the mass ratio of approximately 3:1. The particle size is uneven, the biggest particle size is about 15 μm and the smallest one is about 0.1 μm. The elemental Au is often wrapped in copper sulfate, so, Cu should be removal before extracting Au. Ag exists in silver selenide and eukairite. Three elements are miscible and form a solid solution. Cu and Pb are major base metal. Cu exists in Cu, copper sulphate, eukairite and chalcopyrite. Pb exists in lead sulfate, lead antimonite, lead arsenate and lead sulphide. Arsenic antimony bismuth compounds mainly include lead antimonite, bismuth arsenate and antimony arsenate. The characteristics of the structure indicates that bought-out anode slime structured on copper sulphate, nickel oxide constantly wrapped copper, antimony arsenate constantly wrapped chalcopyrite, barium sulfate and lead sulfate constantly growed interactively.
Key words: copper anode slime; process mineralogy; noble metal; Au; Ag; high lead
