(北京科技大學(xué) 金屬礦山高效開采與安全教育部重點實驗室，北京 100083)
摘 要: 為解決低品位硫化銅礦難浸的問題，對黃銅礦進(jìn)行超聲波強化浸出實驗。通過測量溶液黏度、表面張力、電導(dǎo)率、溶氧度以及銅浸出率，考察超聲波對浸出液性質(zhì)的改變以及對銅礦石浸出的影響。結(jié)果表明，超聲波可以降低溶浸液的表面張力和黏度，增加溶浸液的電導(dǎo)率和溶氧度，從而加快反應(yīng)速度。超聲波作用下Cu的浸出率與對照實驗相比提高了5.6%~14.8%。對浸出前后的礦石表面進(jìn)行電鏡掃描發(fā)現(xiàn)，超聲波可以防止黃銅礦浸出過程中鈍化膜的形成，加快浸出過程。引入超聲強化浸出反應(yīng)速度常數(shù)Kc，建立超聲強化浸出反應(yīng)動力學(xué)模型。根據(jù)浸出反應(yīng)的動力學(xué)模型對超聲波強化浸出機理進(jìn)行分析。
關(guān)鍵字: 黃銅礦；浸出；超聲強化；動力學(xué)模型
（State Key Laboratory of High-efficient Ming and Safety of Metal Mines,
Ministry of Education, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China）
Abstract:In order to solve the difficulties in leaching low grade copper sulfide, the chalcopyrite leaching experiment intensified by ultrasonic wave was carried out. The effects of ultrasonic wave on the property change of the leaching solution and the leaching of copper ore were investigated by measuring the surface tension, solution viscosity, electric conductivity, dissolvability of oxygen and leaching rate of Cu. The results show that by the effect of ultrasonic wave the surface tension and viscosity decrease, whereas the electric conductivity and dissolvability of oxygen increase. Thus, the reaction velocity is speeded up. Under the conditions of ultrasonic wave, the leaching rate of Cu increases by 5.6%-14.8% compared with that of the control test. The ore-particle surfaces before and after leaching were observed by SEM. It is found that ultrasonic wave can effectively prevent from forming the passivating film on the surface of ore-particle during the leaching process, and then accelerate the leaching process. A kinetics model of leaching reaction intensified by ultrasonic wave was established by introducing intensified reaction rate constant Kc. The leaching mechanism intensified by ultrasonic wave was analyzed according to the kinetics models.
Key words: chalcopyrite; leaching; ultrasonic wave intensifying; kinetic model
