(1. 中南大學(xué) 冶金科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院，長沙 410083；2. 中南大學(xué) 難冶有色金屬資源高效利用國家工程實(shí)驗(yàn)室，長沙 410083)
摘 要: 為了降低電積法生產(chǎn)銅粉的能耗，減小陽極腐蝕率，提高陰極銅粉品質(zhì)，采用反重力滲流技術(shù)制備不同合金成分、不同孔徑的多孔Pb合金陽極，并與平板陽極在陽極電位、陽極腐蝕率、陽極氧化膜的形貌與組成、陰極銅粉的純度和形貌等方面進(jìn)行對比。結(jié)果表明：多孔陽極可以降低陽極真實(shí)電流密度，從而降低析氧過電位，如孔徑1.0~1.25 mm的Pb-Ag多孔陽極的析氧過電位比同樣合金成分平板陽極的降低了131 mV，可以顯著降低銅粉電積過程的能耗。另外，多孔陽極表面氧化膜由疏松的粉末狀變?yōu)橹旅堋⑵秸钠瑺睿岣吡岁枠O的耐腐蝕性能，可以降低陰極銅粉中的Pb含量，有利于提升產(chǎn)品品質(zhì)。
關(guān)鍵字: 電積銅粉；多孔陽極；Pb合金；陽極電位；腐蝕率
（1. School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;2. National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Refractory Nonferrous Metals Resources,Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract:In order to reduce the energy consumption of copper powder electrowinning, enhance the corrosion resistance of anode and improve the product quality, the Pb-based porous anodes with different pore sizes and various Ag and Ca contents were prepared by counter- gravity infiltration, and compared with plate anodes in following aspects: anodic potential, anodic corrosion rate, morphology and composition of the anodic oxidation film, purity and morphology of cathodic product. The results show that the porous anode can reduce the real anodic current density and decrease anodic oxygen evolution overpotential. For example, the oxygen evolution overpotential of Pb-Ag porous anode (pore diameter of 1.0-1.25 mm) is 131 mV lower than that of Pb-Ag plate anode, which can significantly decrease the energy consumption. Besides, the anodic oxidation film of porous anode changes from loose, powdery form into denser, flatter flaky form, which can enhance the anodic corrosion resistance, reduce the Pb content of copper powder and then improve the product quality.
Key words: copper powder electrowinning; porous anode; Pb-alloy; anodic potential; corrosion rate
