(1. 中南大學(xué) 能源科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院，長沙 410083；
2. 重慶天泰鋁業(yè)有限公司，重慶 401328)
摘 要: 為了進(jìn)一步降低鋁電解工業(yè)能耗，以仿真軟件ANSYS及ANSYS-FLUENT為平臺(tái)，應(yīng)用陽極穿孔方式對鋁電解用陽極進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化，并進(jìn)行工業(yè)試驗(yàn)，以研究其工業(yè)應(yīng)用并驗(yàn)證仿真結(jié)果。計(jì)算結(jié)果表明：新型陽極下氣泡層厚度為1.28 cm，比普通陽極氣泡層厚度減少0.72 cm，對應(yīng)極距電壓差約240 mV；陽極表面溫度最低為704.3 ℃，陽極電壓降為379 mV，電場分布與普通陽極保持一致；陽極碳塊熱應(yīng)力最大值為17.4 MPa，遠(yuǎn)低于碳塊的許用應(yīng)力。新型陽極在3臺(tái)槽上進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)，長期運(yùn)行的平均槽電壓比傳統(tǒng)電解槽的降低了229 mV，穿孔陽極結(jié)構(gòu)電解槽電流效率從91.15%提高到91.85%，生產(chǎn)每噸鋁直流電耗降低了683 kW∙h。仿真結(jié)果與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果相符，說明此結(jié)構(gòu)陽極能夠快速排出氣泡進(jìn)而減小極距。
關(guān)鍵字: 鋁電解槽；低能耗；穿孔陽極結(jié)構(gòu)；氣泡層厚度；多物理場耦合；數(shù)值模擬；工業(yè)試驗(yàn)
（1. School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
2. Chongqing Tiantai Aluminum Industry Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401328, China）
Abstract:The perforation in the carbon block to optimize the structure of anode was researched by using simulation software ANSYS and ANSYS-FLUENT in order to reduce the energy consumption of aluminium reduction industry further more. The industrial test was carried out to study the industrial applications and verify the simulation result. The simulation results show that the bubble layer thickness of the perforated anode is 1.28 cm, reduced by 0.72 cm compared with that of the normal anode, the corresponding voltage is about 240 mV. The minimum temperature of anode block is 704.3 ℃, and the voltage drop of the perforated anode is 379 mV and the current density distribution of the perforated anode and ordinary anode are consistent. The maximum of thermal stress is 17.4 MPa in the perforated anode, which is far less than the allowable stress. The perforated anode industrial test was conducted on three cells. The average cell voltage of perforated anodes decreases by 229 mV compared with the traditional reduction cell after long-term operation, and the current efficiency increases from 91.15% to 91.85%. The production per ton aluminium direct current (DC) consumption of perforated anode reduces by 683 kW∙h. The experimental results agree with the theoretical calculation, which indicates that the polar distance of the perforated anode is decreased because the bubbles exhaust quickly.
Key words: aluminum reduction cell; low power consumption; perforation structure anode; bubble layer thickness; coupled multi-field; numerical simulation; industrial test
