(中南大學(xué) 冶金科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院，長(zhǎng)沙 410083)
摘 要: 為減小傳統(tǒng)鋁電解槽內(nèi)鋁液中存在的較大水平電流，提出一種陰極鋼棒加高型陰極。采用含電接觸的有限元模型計(jì)算鋼棒加高型陰極結(jié)構(gòu)的電場(chǎng)，考察此種陰極對(duì)于鋁液中水平電流的優(yōu)化作用。計(jì)算結(jié)果表明：選擇合適的加高位置及加高高度可使鋁液中X向水平電流密度的最大值和平均值有效減小，并且可以優(yōu)化X向水平電流密度的分布，而對(duì)于減小Z向水平電流密度的最大值也有一定作用。以300 kA鋁電解槽的陰極為例，在距陰極炭塊邊緣800 mm處鋼棒上加高70 mm至90 mm時(shí)為最佳加高設(shè)計(jì)；同時(shí)鋼棒加高型陰極結(jié)構(gòu)的電壓降小于傳統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)的，鋁液中的等勢(shì)線分布更平緩。
關(guān)鍵字: 鋁電解；陰極壓降；加高鋼棒；水平電流
（School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract:Based on the target of reducing the large horizontal current in metal pad of aluminum reduction cells, a kind of cathode with heightened collector bars was improved. The electric field of the cathode was calculated by using finite element method with an electric contact model, and the optimization effect to horizontal current in metal pad was examined. The results show that an appropriate design scheme of heightened collector bars can effectively reduce the maximum and average values of horizontal current density along X axis in the metal pad, and optimize the current density. The maximum value of horizontal current density along Z axis in metal pad can be reduced at the same time. For the case of cathodes in 300 kA aluminum reduction cells, the best design of heightened position is at a distance of about 800 mm from the edge of cathode carbon block, and the beneficial heightened height ranges from 70 to 90 mm, the cathode with heightened collector bars has a lower voltage drop than the traditional one, and the iso-potential curves in the metal pad shows slightly.
Key words: aluminum electrolysis; cathode voltage drop; heightened collector bar; horizontal current
