(中國(guó)科學(xué)院 金屬研究所 沈陽(yáng)材料科學(xué)國(guó)家(聯(lián)合)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，沈陽(yáng) 110016)
摘 要: 介紹錫晶須的發(fā)現(xiàn)過(guò)程以及機(jī)制研究和預(yù)防策略，總結(jié)錫晶須生長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中已經(jīng)被一些研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)的特點(diǎn)，如晶須形貌的多樣性、生長(zhǎng)過(guò)程的階段性以及生長(zhǎng)位置的不確定性等。回顧從最初發(fā)現(xiàn)錫晶須到現(xiàn)在所提出的用于解釋錫晶須生長(zhǎng)機(jī)理的理論模型，其中主要是位錯(cuò)機(jī)制、壓應(yīng)力機(jī)制、再結(jié)晶機(jī)制、氧化膜破裂機(jī)制以及活性錫原子機(jī)制。在對(duì)于這些理論模型的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行評(píng)述后，對(duì)如何進(jìn)一步探索晶須的生長(zhǎng)機(jī)理提出一些看法。
關(guān)鍵字: 錫晶須；理論模型；生長(zhǎng)機(jī)理
（Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Shenyang 110016, China）
Abstract:The discovery processes of tin whiskers as well as the mechanism research and the prevention strategies were introduced. Meanwhile, some certain characteristics during the tin whisker growth, such as the polymorphism of morphology, the uncertainty in growth position, and so on, which had already been observed by some researchers were summarized. The tin whisker growth mechanisms proposed from the initial discovery stage to the present were reviewed, they are mainly the dislocation mechanism, the compressive stress mechanism, the recrystallization mechanism, the cracked oxide theory and the fresh tin atom mechanism. After making some comments on the problems of the theoretical models, some further suggestion for the whisker growth mechanism were put forward.
Key words: tin whisker; theoretical model; growth mechanism
