(東北大學 材料與冶金學院，沈陽 110819)
摘 要: 建立板坯連鑄結晶器三維有限元熱彈塑性結構模型，計算銅板等效應力及冷卻結構對其影響。研究表明，冷卻結構和傳熱條件決定銅板熱面特定力學行為規(guī)律，寬面和窄面熱面中心線應力分布規(guī)律相似，冷卻結構尺寸并不改變銅板橫截面應力分布的趨勢。銅板厚度每增加5 mm，結晶器上部應力僅增大5~7 MPa，而鎳層區(qū)域變化明顯，寬面和窄面最大增幅分別約為60 MPa和50 MPa；鎳層每加厚1 mm，寬面和窄面鎳層中上部應力提升約20 MPa，而窄面鎳層下部應力下降較急劇；當水流量和水溫差恒定時，水槽深度增加，熱面中心線應力減小，每加深2 mm，結晶器上部下降不足5 MPa，而下部變化較大，最大量達20 MPa。
關鍵字: 板坯連鑄；結晶器；冷卻結構；銅板應力分布；有限元分析
（School of Materials and Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China）
Abstract:A three-dimensional finite-element thermal-stress model of slab continuous casting mold was conducted to predict the equivalent stress on copper plates and its change caused by cooling structure. The results show that special stress distribution of hot surface is mainly governed by the cooling structure and heat-transfer conditions in mold, the stress distributions of hot surface centricities at wide and narrow faces are similar, and the stress trend of cross-sections of copper plates does not change with the geometry of cooling structure. The stress at upper surface of mold only increases 5−7 MPa with the thickness of copper plate increasing 5 mm, and that in regions with nickel layers is obviously promoted to the maximums of 60 MPa and 50 MPa on wide and narrow faces, respectively. In the upper nickel layers, the stress increases approximately 20 MPa with the thickness increases of nickel layers by 1 mm, while represents rapid decline on narrow faces in lower nickel layers. The stress is depressed with the depth of cooling water slots with constant flow rate and temperature difference of cooling water, and changed less than 5 MPa with each deepening 2 mm in upper mold and maximum in lower mold can be up to 20 MPa. Also, a series of rational suggestions are proposed for optimizing cooling structure in order to reduce the abrupt stress and stress concentration.
Key words: slab continuous casting; mold; cooling structure; stress distribution; finite element analysis
