(1. 中南大學(xué) 能源科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院，長沙 410083；
2. 中南大學(xué) 流程工業(yè)節(jié)能湖南省重點實驗室，長沙 410083；
3. 東營方圓有色金屬有限公司，東營 257091)
摘 要: 以某公司的富氧底吹熔池熔煉爐為原型，運用數(shù)值模擬的方法對爐內(nèi)氧氣−銅锍兩相流動進行三維瞬態(tài)模擬，研究爐內(nèi)氣泡主要參數(shù)、氣含率分布規(guī)律、氧槍出口附近壓力變化以及液面波動情況。并借助于高速攝像儀設(shè)備，對水模型實驗中氣泡形成、合并、變形及破碎過程進行研究，所得結(jié)果與模擬結(jié)果進行比較。結(jié)果表明：所建立的數(shù)學(xué)模型是合理的。氧氣−銅锍兩相流動模擬結(jié)果表明，爐內(nèi)氣泡形成時間為0.12~0.25 s，生成頻率為4~5 Hz，其短軸大小集中在3.5d~6.5d(d為氧槍直徑尺寸)；氣泡停留時間為0.2~0.4 s，其在熔池內(nèi)的平均上浮速度約為4 m/s；7°和22°氧槍出口氣泡后座現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)的平均頻率分別為5 Hz和7 Hz，作用時間為0.06 s；高效反應(yīng)區(qū)存在于熔池上部區(qū)域；氣相攪動液相所形成的表面重力波在沉淀區(qū)傳播的過程中，波幅衰減很快，當(dāng)波傳播到出渣口附近時，液面趨于靜止。
關(guān)鍵字: 兩相流；氣泡；數(shù)值模擬；底吹爐
（1. School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
2. Hunan Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation in Process Industry, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
3. Dongying Fangyuan Non-ferrous Metal Co., Ltd., Dongying 257091, China）
Abstract:The oxygen-copper matte flow, which covers bubble parameters, gas holdup distribution, inlet pressure variations and the fluid level fluctuation, was investigated by three-dimensional transient simulation in a bottom-blown bath smelting furnace, prototype of which is oxygen enriched bottom-blown furnace from some company. The formation, coalescence, deformation and breakage of bubble were captured using a high speed camera system in a water model, and the overall features of the bubble dynamic simulation were compared well with our experimental observations, as verified the accuracy and availability of this model. The results show that the continuous bubble formation time is 0.12−0.25 s and the bubble formation frequency is 4−5 Hz, the average rising velocity for the bubble is 4 m/s, and the bubble residence time ranges from 0.2 to 0.4 s. The sizes of bubbles forming in melt are about 3.5−6.5 times as that of the size of lance. The average frequency of phenomena of bubble back-attack occurs at 7° and 22°, the lance outlet is 5 Hz and 7 Hz, respectively, and the work time is 0.06 s. The gas phase mainly centers on the upper of the bath, so it is likely that high efficiency reaction core model is on upper of the copper matte. The amplitude which is very small at the slag hole nearby decays rapidly on side of settling zone as a result of the viscous dissipation caused by the high viscosity of smelt.
Key words: two-phase flow; bubble; numerical simulation; bottom-blown furnace
