(1. 湖南大學(xué) 汽車車身先進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)制造國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，長沙 410082;
2. 湖南大學(xué) 材料科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院，長沙 410082；
3. 重慶長安汽車股份有限公司 汽車工程研究院 車身技術(shù)研究所，重慶 401120)
摘 要: 基于顯式動(dòng)力學(xué)有限元分析軟件，以混合細(xì)胞自動(dòng)機(jī)(HCA)作為優(yōu)化計(jì)算模型，對鋁合金前碰撞橫梁的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。針對拓?fù)鋬?yōu)化結(jié)果，采用模擬退火法優(yōu)化橫梁壁厚尺寸，獲得薄壁、中空且?guī)в屑訌?qiáng)筋結(jié)構(gòu)的鋁合金前碰撞橫梁設(shè)計(jì)方案。以6061鋁合金前碰撞橫梁替代某車型原鋼質(zhì)橫梁，通過臺(tái)車碰撞進(jìn)行仿真模擬與實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。結(jié)果表明：鋁合金前碰撞橫梁比原鋼質(zhì)前碰撞橫梁質(zhì)量減輕了25%，且具有較高的抗彎曲強(qiáng)度，低速碰撞下，鋁合金前碰撞橫梁較原鋼質(zhì)件系統(tǒng)吸能提高了45.6%。
關(guān)鍵字: 鋁合金；碰撞橫梁；混合細(xì)胞自動(dòng)機(jī)；吸能性能；拓?fù)鋬?yōu)化
automotive aluminum bumper
（1. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacture for Vehicle Body, Hunan University,
Changsha 410082, China;
2. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China;
3. Body Technology Research Department, Automotive Engineering Institute, Chongqing Changan Automobile Co. Ltd.,
Chongqing 401120, China）
Abstract:The finite element analysis software based on explicit dynamic method was applied to the topology optimization of aluminum bumper using hybrid cellular automata (HCA) as an optimizing model. The results of topology optimization show that the simulated annealing method can be used for the optimization design of the bumper thickness, and the thin-walled, hollow aluminum bumper with reinforced ribs is obtained. The original steel bumper was replaced by 6061 aluminum alloy. Both the car crash simulation and experiment were performed. The results indicate that the mass of aluminum bumper is 25% lighter than that of the original steel bumper. The aluminum bumper has higher flexural strength than the original steel bumper. At the same time, the crash energy absorption of the aluminum bumper system is 45.6% higher than that of the original steel bumper system in low-speed collision.
Key words: aluminum alloy; bumper; hybrid cellular automata; energy absorption; topology optimization
