(中南大學(xué) 粉末冶金國家重點實驗室，長沙 410083)
摘 要: 惰性陽極鋁電解技術(shù)的發(fā)展主要基于經(jīng)濟和環(huán)境的考慮，對鋁電解工業(yè)的長遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展具有重要意義，已成為鋁電解工業(yè)進步的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。合金惰性陽極具有易加工成形、良好的抗熱震性和導(dǎo)電性，金屬陶瓷惰性陽極兼顧陶瓷的高溫?zé)岱�(wěn)定性及金屬的高導(dǎo)電性和高韌性，二者已成為惰性陽極的主要候選材料體系，并進行了工程化鋁電解試驗研究。近年來，惰性陽極的研究集中在合金陽極表面保護膜形成與溶解的動態(tài)平衡控制、金屬陶瓷組成與結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化、惰性陽極的電解腐蝕機制及抑制技術(shù)等方面。綜述了鋁電解用合金陽極和金屬陶瓷惰性陽極的近期研究進展，從材料學(xué)的角度介紹鐵酸鎳基金屬陶瓷的組成優(yōu)化、燒結(jié)、電解腐蝕特性等方面的最新研究成果。
關(guān)鍵字: 鋁電解；惰性陽極；金屬陶瓷；鐵酸鎳
cermet inert anode materials
（State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract:The development of inert anode for aluminum electrolysis is mainly based on the economic and environmental considerations, which is very important for the further development of aluminum electrolysis, and is the key technology of the advanced aluminum electrolysis. Metallic inert anode with good processability, good thermal shock resistance and conductivity, and cermet inert anode combining the high-temperature thermal stability of ceramic and high conductivity, high toughness of metal, have been the primary candidates of inert anode. The engineering researches have been carried out using metallic inert anode and cermet inert anode, respectively. Recent studies focus on the dynamic balance control of the formation and dissolution of the protective film on the metallic inert anode surface, composition and structure optimization of cermet inert anode, the mechanism and suppression techniques of corrosion, and so on. The latest development of the metallic inert anode and cermet inert anode was reviewed, especially the composition optimization, sintering and electrolytic corrosion characteristics of nickel ferrite based cermet were introduced from the materials science perspective.
Key words: electrolysis; inert anode; cermet; nickel ferrite
