(1. 蘭州理工大學(xué) 材料科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院，蘭州 730050；
2. 蘭州理工大學(xué) 甘肅省有色金屬新材料省部共建國家重點實驗室，蘭州 730050)
摘 要: 凝固過程中獲得細(xì)小均勻的等軸晶組織既可以提高材料的強度和硬度，又可以提高其塑性和韌性。晶粒細(xì)化是改善鑄件質(zhì)量和后續(xù)加工性能的重要途徑，化學(xué)晶粒細(xì)化法由于在細(xì)化過程中操作簡單，無需改進實驗設(shè)備，細(xì)化效果良好受到科研工作者的重視。結(jié)合作者采用化學(xué)法對鋁及鋁合金、純鎳和純錫晶粒細(xì)化的研究工作，綜述幾種典型有色金屬及合金的晶粒細(xì)化劑及細(xì)化效果，并總結(jié)國內(nèi)外關(guān)于化學(xué)法細(xì)化晶粒的經(jīng)典理論。最后，總結(jié)并展望了化學(xué)法細(xì)化有色金屬及合金的發(fā)展趨勢。
關(guān)鍵字: 有色金屬；合金；凝固組織；晶粒細(xì)化；化學(xué)法；細(xì)化機理
mechanism of non-ferrous metals and alloys by chemical method
（1. School of Material Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Gansu Advanced Non-ferrous Metal Materials, Lanzhou University of Technology,
Lanzhou 730050, China）
Abstract:The uniform and fine equiaxed grain not only improves the strength and hardness of the materials , but also improves their plasticity and toughness. Grain refinement is also the important method to improve the qualities of castings and has significant effect on the deeply processing properties. The chemical refinement method with excellent advantages such as simple operation, not necessary to change the experimental equipment, and good effects in refining have attracted increasing concern. Combined with the research work about refining Al and Al alloy, pure Ni and pure Sn done by the writers, the representative grain refiners of the non-ferrous metals and alloys and the refining effects were reviewed. The classic theories of the chemical method to refine the grain size were summarized. Finally, the future trends about chemical method to refine the non-ferrous metals and alloys were prospected.
Key words: non-ferrous metals; alloys; solidified structure; grain refinement; chemical method; refining mechanism
