(西北工業(yè)大學(xué) 凝固技術(shù)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，西安 710072)
摘 要: 為了得到合理的316L不銹鋼/Cu 梯度復(fù)合材料結(jié)構(gòu)，基于316L不銹鋼/Cu復(fù)合材料的微觀組織與宏觀結(jié)構(gòu)建立相應(yīng)的單胞模型和復(fù)合材料模型，并采用有限元軟件ANSYS對(duì)兩種模型進(jìn)行殘余熱應(yīng)力的數(shù)值模擬，分析復(fù)合材料內(nèi)的等效應(yīng)力和主應(yīng)力的分布規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明：對(duì)于單胞模型，殘余熱應(yīng)力分布形態(tài)不僅與不銹鋼球溶解程度相關(guān)，而且與其溶解形態(tài)也有關(guān)系，并且隨著不銹鋼的溶解，平均等效應(yīng)力的大小分布發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)移，較大的平均應(yīng)力從基體轉(zhuǎn)移到了增強(qiáng)體。對(duì)于復(fù)合材料模型，隨著不銹鋼球的溶解，梯度復(fù)合區(qū)內(nèi)的等效應(yīng)力呈梯度減小分布，表現(xiàn)為平滑的應(yīng)力過渡，因此，可以在復(fù)合區(qū)與銅相接連處得到緩和的熱應(yīng)力分布。
關(guān)鍵字: 梯度復(fù)合材料；微觀組織；熱應(yīng)力；有限元分析
in 316L stainless steel/Cu graded composite material
（State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China）
Abstract:In order to get a reasonable 316L stainless steel /Cu graded composite structure, the cell and composite finite element models based on the actual microstructure and macrostructure of 316L stainless steel/Cu composite material were established to analyse the residual thermal stress. This analysis was based on the commercial finite element software ANSYS. The distributions of von Mises effective stress and principal stress in composite were presented. The results show that, in the cell model, the distribution of residual thermal stress in composite material is not only concerned with the dissolution degree, but also with the morphology of stainless steel balls, and the distribution of average von Mises effective stress shifts and the reinforcement sustains the larger stress than the matrix with the dissolution of stainless steel balls. In the composite model, the von Mises effective stress is gradually reduced in graded areas of composite material, showing a relatively smooth transition of stress, so the thermal stress between composite material and copper can be released by the gradient of dissolved stainless steel balls.
Key words: functional graded material; microstructure; thermal stress; finite element analysis (FEM)
