(1. 中國礦業(yè)大學 化學與環(huán)境工程學院，北京 100083；
2. 中國科學院 過程工程研究所 濕法冶金清潔生產(chǎn)技術國家工程實驗室，北京 100190；
3. 中國科學院研究生院，北京 100049)
摘 要: 以王水和氫氟酸為酸洗介質(zhì)，研究酸洗對冶金硅中典型雜質(zhì)元素的脫除效果。結果表明：王水和氫氟酸對金屬類雜質(zhì)均有明顯的去除作用，但對非金屬B和P去除效率差。Al雜質(zhì)經(jīng)王水和氫氟酸酸洗后去除率分別為80%和86.3%，F(xiàn)e雜質(zhì)的去除率分別為78.6%和89.4%。氫氟酸對總雜質(zhì)去除率比王水提高12%，但其對Cu的去除率僅為4.8%。Cu的相態(tài)分析表明：Cu在冶金硅中主要是以Al-Si-Cu合金相存在，抗氫氟酸腐蝕性強。與氫氟酸不同，王水通過化學破碎作用使硅粉粒度變小，利于雜質(zhì)相暴露。兩種酸對硅粉的損失率均小于3.5%。
關鍵字: 冶金硅；酸洗；提純；雜質(zhì)相
metallurgical grade silicon by acid leaching
（1. School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology,
Beijing 100083, China;
2. National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology,
Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
3. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China）
Abstract:The removals of representative impurities by acid-leaching were studied using aqua regia and HF as the leaching acids. The results show that the two acids have obvious removal efficiency to metal impurities, but have little removal effect to B and P. After leaching, the removal rates of Al are 80% and 86.3% by aqua regia and HF, meanwhile, the removal rates of Fe are 78.6% and 89.4%, respectively. The total impurities removal rates after HF increase by 12% than that after aqua regia, but the removal efficiency of Cu by HF is very poor, with the removal rate reaches 4.8%. The structural phase analysis results show that Al-Si-Cu is the main existence form of Cu in metallurgical grade silicon (MG-Si), which is strong acid-resistance to HF. Unlike HF，the chemical stripping-off effect of the particle size of silicon powder made by aqua regia decreases obviously and the impurity phases easily expose at the grain boundaries. The loss rates of Si powder after two acids are less than 3.5%
Key words: metallurgical silicon; acid leaching; purification process; impurity phases
