(合肥工業(yè)大學(xué) 摩擦學(xué)研究所，合肥 230009)
摘 要: 采用常規(guī)粉末冶金方法制備無鉛含鉍銅−鋼雙金屬軸承材料，在HDM−20端面摩擦磨損試驗機上進行邊界潤滑條件下的摩擦磨損試驗，分析無鉛含鉍銅−鋼雙金屬軸承材料的減摩、抗粘著性能及其承載能力，并與典型的銅鉛軸承材料(Cu10Sn10Pb)及銅錫合金材料的性能進行對比。結(jié)果表明：無鉛含鉍銅軸承材料中的低熔點組元鉍(熔點為271 ℃)能阻礙因油膜破裂而引起的摩擦副局部區(qū)域的直接接觸，體現(xiàn)出較好的減摩和抗粘著性能；當(dāng)鉍含量為3.0%(質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù))時，無鉛含鉍銅基軸承材料的減摩，抗粘著咬合性能良好，承載能力較強，接近或優(yōu)于典型銅鉛軸承材料的性能。
關(guān)鍵字: 含鉍銅基；軸承材料；無鉛；摩擦學(xué)特性
copper-steel bimetal bearing materials
（Institute of Tribology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China）
Abstract:Lead-free Bi-contained copper-steel bimetal bearing materials were prepared by powder metallurgy method, their friction and wear tests were conducted by using the HDM−20 tribometer under boundary lubrication conditions. The anti-friction, anti-adhesion and load carrying capacity of the lead-free Bi-contained copper matrix bearing materials were also analyzed and compared with those of the typical copper-lead bearing material (Cu10Sn10Pb). The results show that the addition of Bi can improve the anti-friction and anti-adhesion performances of the bearing materials because Bi with lower melting point (271 ℃) can be melted and move to the surface to prevent the direct contact of counterfaces as the oil films rupture during sliding, which results in good performances of anti-friction and anti-adhesion. To achieve better performances of anti-friction, anti-adhesion and load carrying capacity of the bearing materials, the optimal addition of Bi is 3.0% (mass fraction) under increasing loads, their performances are close to or better than those of the typical copper-lead bearing materials.
Key words: Bi-contained copper; bearing material; lead-free; tribological properties
