(1. 中南大學 物理科學與技術學院，長沙 410083；
2. 中南大學 材料科學與工程學院，長沙 410083；
3. 開平克德納米材料有限公司，開平 510275)
摘 要: 用電爆炸法制備納米金屬Ni、Al、Cu和Fe粉。以納米金屬Ni粉為研究對象，用X射線衍射分析儀(XRD)和能譜分析儀(EDS)分析其相組成和成分，用掃描電鏡(SEM)和透射電鏡(TEM)表征其形貌特征、晶體結構和粉體粒徑，用差示掃描量熱儀(DSC)表征其熱穩(wěn)定性和熱焓值。結果表明：電爆炸法可以制備多種納米金屬粉體材料及熔點相差較大的合金材料；電爆炸法生產的金屬粉體均為單質晶體，產品純度高，且具有良好的熱學性能；生產條件對樣品的粒徑和形貌影響較大，可以通過設定相應的制備參數(shù)來獲得不同粒徑和不同形貌的納米金屬粉體，如粒徑分布在30~140 nm范圍內(平均粒徑為80 nm左右)的球狀金屬粉體，或粒徑分布在30~50 nm范圍內(平均粒徑為40 nm左右)的不規(guī)則狀金屬粉體；電爆炸法生產能力大，產品質量高，可以實現(xiàn)工業(yè)化生產。
關鍵字: 納米金屬粉體；電爆炸法；粒徑；熱焓
nanosized metallic Ni powders by electrical explosion
（1. School of Physical Science and Technology, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
3. Kede Nanomaterials Co. Ltd., Kaiping 510275, China）
Abstract:Nanosized metallic Ni, Al, Cu and Fe powders were prepared by electrical explosion method. The phase composition and morphology were investigated by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS). The microstructures, phase structure and size distribution of the particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. The thermal stability and enthalpy of the particles were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). The results show that the nanosized powders of many metallic materials and alloys with large difference in melting points can be prepared by electrical explosion method. The powders prepared are of single phase crystals with high purity and the yield is adequate to meet the demand of commercialization. The working conditions have great influence on the particle size and shape. By adjusting individual processing parameters, the nanosized metallic powders with controllable shape and size distribution can be prepared. For spherical powders, the particle size obtained ranges from 30 to 140 nm with an average of 80 nm; and for irregular powders, the particle size changes from 30 to 50 nm with an average of 40 nm.
Key words: nanosized metallic powder; electrical explosion method; particle size; enthalpy
