(華中科技大學(xué) 環(huán)境科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院，武漢 430074)
摘 要: 以檸檬酸為主要浸出劑，在室溫下合成檸檬酸鉛前軀體，將其低溫焙燒生成超細(xì)PbO/Pb粉末。結(jié)果表明：廢舊鉛蓄電池鉛膏的主要成分PbO2、PbO和PbSO4都能生成檸檬酸鉛，鉛回收率均在98%以上；由PbO與PbO2生成的前軀體與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)檸檬酸鉛晶型基本相同，結(jié)構(gòu)呈堆積條狀，粒徑為20~30 μm，而由PbSO4得到的前軀體可能含較多結(jié)晶水，與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)檸檬酸鉛晶型有較大區(qū)別，呈鱗片狀結(jié)構(gòu)，粒徑為1~10 μm；3種前軀體都能在低溫焙燒下得到超細(xì)PbO/Pb粉末，粒徑為200~500 nm；采用檸檬酸濕法浸取鉛膏直接制備電池生產(chǎn)用超細(xì)PbO粉體的新工藝，為廢舊鉛酸電池的回收技術(shù)提供了一種新的思路。
關(guān)鍵字: 廢鉛酸電池；濕法冶金；檸檬酸；超細(xì)PbO/Pb粉末
spent lead acid battery
（College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology,
Wuhan 430074, China）
Abstract:The lead citrate precursors were prepared at room temperature with citric acid as the main leaching agent combined with other additives such as sodium citrate and H2O2. The ultrafine lead oxide powder was prepared from the precursors at low temperatures. The results show that the lead pastes can be leached, and crystallized lead citrate precursors are obtained. The rate of conversion of lead is above 98%. The crystalline structures of the lead citrate precursors from lead oxide and lead dioxide match well with the standard citric lead, and the size of the precursors are 20−30 μm. However, there is difference between the structures of the lead citrate precursors from PbSO4 and the standard citric acid-lead crystal, which can be caused by the more crystal water in the structure of the lead citrate precursors from PbSO4. The precursors are columnar structures with size of 1−10 μm. The ultra-fine PbO/Pb powders, with the size of 200−500 nm, are prepared from three lead citrate precursors at low temperatures. The study indicates a feasible method to prepare ultrafine lead oxide powder from spent lead battery.
Key words: spent lead acid battery; hydrometallurgical process; citric acid; ultra-fine PbO/Pb powder
