(1. 河海大學 材料科學與工程學院，南京 210098；
2. 東南大學 材料科學與工程學院，南京 210096；
3. 南京大學 化學化工學院，南京 210093)
摘 要: 用熔體發(fā)泡法制備孔隙率為51.5%~90.5%、孔結(jié)構(gòu)均勻的胞狀鋁合金(AlCu5Mn)，研究其孔結(jié)構(gòu)、壓縮性能、能量吸收能力、能量吸收效率和吸能性能。結(jié)果表明：胞狀鋁合金孔結(jié)構(gòu)由高孔隙率(88.8%)時的大孔徑、多邊形孔向低孔隙率(62.5%)時的小孔徑、球形孔孔結(jié)構(gòu)過渡，其壓縮應力(σ)—應變(ε)曲線具有線性變形階段、屈服平臺階段和致密化階段三個部分，由線性變形階段進入屈服平臺階段所對應的εs值介于2%~9%之間；屈服強度σs*隨著孔隙率的增大而下降，在孔隙率相同的條件下，胞狀鋁合金的力學性能優(yōu)于胞狀鋁和多孔鋁合金，其比剛度高于鋼；當應變?yōu)槎ㄖ禃r，胞狀鋁合金單位體積和單位質(zhì)量的壓縮吸能能力(C和Cm)都隨著孔隙率的升高而降低，但是孔隙率在73.5%~82.1%范圍內(nèi)時，其Cm與ε的關系幾乎不隨孔隙率的改變而改變；對于孔隙率為51.5%~90.5%的胞狀鋁合金，它們的吸能效率的峰值都大于80%。胞狀鋁合金的C—σ和Cm—σ關系可以表征其吸能性能，從而可以根據(jù)實際工況選擇作為減振吸能材料的胞狀鋁合金的最佳孔結(jié)構(gòu)。
關鍵字: 胞狀鋁合金；壓縮形變；能量吸收能力；能量吸收效率
cellular AlCu5Mn alloy foams
（1. College of Materials Science and Engineering, HoHai University, Nanjing 210098, China;
2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China;
3. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China）
Abstract:Cellular Al alloy (AlCu5Mn) foams with wide porosity range (51.5%−90.5%) and homogeneous pore structures were fabricated successfully by melting foaming method. The pore structure, compressive property, energy absorption capacity, energy absorption efficiency and the judgment of energy absorption property were investigated. The results show that the pore structure varies from large diameter and polygonal pores for high porosity (88.8%) samples to small diameter and globular pores for low porosity (62.5%) samples. A typical compressive stress(σ)—strain(ε) curve consists of three parts (linear deformation stage, yielding plateau stage and densification stage). The εs values at yielding points are within the range of 2%−9%, and the value of yielding stress σs* decreases with increasing porosity. For a given porosity, the compressive properties are better than those of cellular Al and other Al based foams, and the specific stiffness are higher than those of steel. Both energy absorption capacity per unit volume C and per unit mass Cm decrease with increasing porosity, but the Cm—ε curves for cellular AlCu5Mn foams with porosity of 73.5%−82.1% almost do not
alter with increasing porosity. The peak values of the energy absorption efficiencies of cellular AlCu5Mn foams with porosity of 51.5%−90.5% are all greater than 80%. The relationships of C—σ curves and Cm—σ curves can be used to characterize the energy absorption properties, which imply that they can be used as a criterion to choose the pore structure of cellular AlCu5Mn foam as energy absorption material in application.
Key words: cellular Al alloy; compressive deformation; energy absorption capacity; energy absorption efficiency
