(1.中國科學(xué)院 測量與地球物理研究所
動力大地測量學(xué)開放研究實驗室, 武漢 430077；
2.山東科技大學(xué) 地球信息科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院，
泰安 271019)
摘 要: 隨著精密GPS快速定位技術(shù)被廣泛應(yīng)用于礦區(qū)開采沉陷的日常觀測，數(shù)據(jù)處理變得越來越重要，其質(zhì)量好壞將直接影響到GPS快速定位精度，而粗差和周跳的探測與修復(fù)又是其中最重要組成部分。鑒于擬準(zhǔn)檢定法可以同時發(fā)現(xiàn)、定位測量數(shù)據(jù)中的多個粗差并估算其大小和精度，且予以修正，所以用粗差的擬準(zhǔn)檢定法來對GPS快速定位數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理。首先概述了用擬準(zhǔn)檢定法處理GPS快速定位的數(shù)學(xué)模型，然后給出了簡單的實施步驟。為了便于比較，還簡單介紹了常用的抗差估計及統(tǒng)計檢驗的數(shù)學(xué)模型，最后通過1個算例驗證了本方法的可行性和有效性，并和另２種方法作了比較。
關(guān)鍵字: GPS快速定位； 粗差和周跳； 數(shù)據(jù)處理； 擬準(zhǔn)檢定法
observed from GPS for subsidence surveying in mining area
CHAI Yan-ju1, LU Xiu-shan2
（1. Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics,
Laboratory of Dynamical Geodesy,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077，China
2. Shandong University of Science and Technology,
Taian 271019, China）
Abstract:The precision of GPS rapid positioning is directly related to the quality of data processing, so the data processing is an important procedure in the GPS rapid positioning. Since the “quasi-accurate detection of gross errors (QUAD)” method has the character of simultaneously detecting, locating multiple gross errors in surveying data, estimating their values and accuracies and then correcting them, the QUAD method is introduced to process GPS rapid positioning data. The mathematics model is summarized. Then detailed implementation procedure is presented. In order to make a comparison, the models of the other two methods like robust estimation and hypothesis test are also summarized. At last, one numerical example is given out to illustrate the feasibility and validity of this method.
Key words: GPS rapid positioning; gross error and cycle slip; data processing; QUAD method
