(清華大學(xué) 材料系， 新型陶瓷與精細(xì)工藝國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室， 北京 100084)
摘 要: 回顧了陶瓷刀具的發(fā)展簡況及其意義， 重點(diǎn)介紹了Si3N4基和TiCN基復(fù)合陶瓷刀具的研制、性能和應(yīng)用。 復(fù)合Si3N4陶瓷刀具有較高的耐磨性和抗沖擊性，特別適合于各類鑄鐵件的粗精加工， 也能進(jìn)行銑削、 刨削等沖擊力很大的加工， 其切削效率可提高3～10倍；復(fù)合TiCN金屬陶瓷刀具具有很高的硬度和耐磨性， 特別適合于各類高硬高強(qiáng)鋼（如淬硬鋼等）的加工，可對高硬材料實(shí)現(xiàn)“以車代磨”干切削， 免除退火工藝和冷卻液， 大幅度提高生產(chǎn)效率。 新型復(fù)合陶瓷刀具已經(jīng)在我國冶金、水泵、 礦山機(jī)械、 軸承、 滾珠絲杠、 汽車、 軍工等十幾個行業(yè)得到應(yīng)用。
關(guān)鍵字: 陶瓷刀具； 氮化硅； 碳氮化鈦； 金屬陶瓷
（State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University,
Beijing 100084, China）
Abstract:The advance and meanings of ceramic cutting tools were reviewed. The emphasis was paid on the development, performances and applications of Si3N4-based and TiCN-based composite ceramic cutting tools. The composite Si3N4-based ceramic cutting tools possess rather high wear-resistance and excellent impact-resistance properties, being fit for rough and finish machining of various cast iron workpieces, including milling and planning of large impact force. The cutting efficiency could be enhanced by 3-10 times, compared with the cemented carbide tools. The composite TiCN-based cermet cutting tools possess high hardness and wear-resistance, having an excellent performance on machining of diversified steels, for instance hardened steels, of high hardness and strength. When these tools are used in dried machining of high hardness workpieces, a machining process without annealing and coolants can be used rather than a grinding one, so the efficiency is dramatically improved. Up to now, the new types of composite ceramic cutting tools have been applied in China on a variety of industries, including metallurgy, pump, mining-machinery plant, mechanical bearing, ball screw, motor vehicle, etc.
Key words: ceramic cutting tool; Si3N4; TiCN; cermet
