(鋼鐵研究總院， 北京 100081)
摘 要: 對(duì)采用白鎢礦、 氧化鉬和釩渣冶煉高速鋼進(jìn)行了熱力學(xué)和動(dòng)力學(xué)的計(jì)算與分析。 在熔融還原過(guò)程中， CaWO4、 MoO3和V2O5將被C、 CaC2、 Si-Fe、 SiC還原。 反應(yīng)過(guò)程包括：固-固反應(yīng)、 液-固反應(yīng)、 鐵浴反應(yīng)和液-液反應(yīng)。 WO3還原的限制性環(huán)節(jié)是WO3在熔渣中的擴(kuò)散，改善渣流動(dòng)性， 擴(kuò)大反應(yīng)界面能加快WO3的還原。用阻尼劑能有效抑制鉬的揮發(fā)。
在20t AC電弧爐上用氧化鎢礦工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)高速鋼M-2成功，產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量?jī)?yōu)異。 該工藝具有縮短工序、 節(jié)約資源、 降低能耗、 提高成品率和改善環(huán)境等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 綜合上述功效， 每噸M-2鋼節(jié)約成本1780元。
關(guān)鍵字: 熔融還原； 高速鋼； 鐵浴還原； 低溫快速還原
（General Iron and Steel Research Institute,
Beijing 100081, China）
Abstract:The smelting reduction processes of sheelite, molybdenum oxide and vanadium slag were considered by thermodynamic and kinetic calculation and analysis. Sheelite, molybdenum oxide and vanadium slag can be reduced by C, CaC2, Si-Fe and SiC in the smelting reduction process. The reduction processes consist of solid-solid reaction, liquid-solid reaction, reaction in molten steel and liquid-liquid reaction. The technology can realize fast reduction in low temperature, control amount of slag and restrain boiling during reduction stage. The diffusion of WO3 is the restrictive step of reduction process of WO3. Improving fluidity of slag and enlarging areas of reaction interface can accelerate the reduction process of WO3. The use of damping agent can restrain volatilization of molybdenum oxide effectively.
Industrial trial of making of M-2 high speed steel with oxide was conducted successfully in 20t AC-EAF. The quality of final steel is excellent. This process has the advantages of shortening working procedure, economizing resources, minimizing energy consumption and improving environment. All consequences can save the cost of 1780 yuan per ton.
Key words: smelting reduction； high speed steel； reaction in molten steel； fast reduction in low temperature
