(福州大學(xué) 材料科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院， 福州 350002)
摘 要: 采用真空中頻感應(yīng)熔煉、電弧熔煉和高頻感應(yīng)熔煉輔助3m落管無容器快速凝固方法，制備出鎳-石墨兩相自潤滑合金。 研究表明：在石墨型中澆鑄， 石墨呈片狀生長； 在金屬型中澆鑄， 石墨有球化趨勢； 在電弧爐中熔煉并凝固， 石墨基本呈球狀組織形態(tài)， 在3m落管中經(jīng)深過冷快速凝固后石墨呈球狀組織。 從而得出， 石墨在生長過程中，（101-0）棱面與（0001）基面的再輝溫度差是影響石墨生長形態(tài)的重要因素。該材料具有高的沖擊韌性和較低的電阻率， 與45#退火鋼及GCr15軸承鋼干摩擦磨損時， 摩擦因數(shù)分別穩(wěn)定在0.23和0.15。
關(guān)鍵字: 鎳-石墨合金；自潤滑； 熔煉法； 組織； 球化
（ School of Materials Science and Engineering,
Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China）
Abstract: Self-lubricating two-phase Ni-graphite alloy was produced by methods of vacuum medium-frequency induction melting, arc melting and containerless rapid solidification process of 3m drop tube assisted by high-frequency induction melting. The results show that graphite cast in graphite mold grows in lamellar shape; graphite cast in metal mold tends to be spheroidized; graphite smelting and solidifying in arc furnace is in globular shape, and homogeneous globular graphite is achieved in rapidly-solidified alloy prepared by 3m drop tube. It has been presented that the recalescence temperature difference between （101-0）edge plane and （0001）basal plane of graphite in graphite growing procedure is an important influencing factor on the growth morphology of graphite. The Ni-graphite alloy shows high impact flexibility and low electrical resistivity. Through dry friction and wear experiment against 45# steel and GCr15, it is found that the friction coefficient of the alloy stably remains 0.23 and 0.15, respectively.
Key words: Ni-graphite alloy; self-lubricating; melting method; structure; spheroidization
