(東北大學(xué) 材料與冶金學(xué)院， 沈陽 110004)
摘 要: 利用雙室透明石英電解槽研究了鋁電解金屬陽極上氣泡的析出行為。實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)， 在低電流密度下， 電解開始的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)， 新生的氧用于氧化金屬陽極表面以形成氧化物膜， 此時(shí)陽極室沒有氧氣析出， 而陰極室有鋁霧擴(kuò)散； 當(dāng)形成足夠厚的氧化膜后，陽極的氧化速度減慢， 陽極表面才析出氧氣。 在高電流密度下， 由于單位時(shí)間內(nèi)在陽極上產(chǎn)生的氧量高于用于氧化金屬陽極表面所需的氧量， 電解一開始陽極上就有氧氣析出。對低電流密度下氣泡的生長過程觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)， 氣泡先在陽極表面長大， 再匯聚成一個(gè)或幾個(gè)大氣泡從陽極底部析出， 析出前的氣泡平均直徑隨電流密度的增加而減小。
關(guān)鍵字: 金屬陽極； 氣泡； 電流密度； 透明電解槽
（ School of Materials & Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China）
Abstract: The behaviour of bubble evolved from metal anode was researched during aluminum electrolysis in a two-compartment see-through quartz cell. Within some time of the beginning of electrolysis, it is discovered that there are no oxygen bubbles produced in the anodic room at lower current density, while aluminum fog disperses in the cathodic room. All renascent oxygen is consumed for oxidizing metal anode to form metal oxide film. When the oxide film is thick enough, the oxidation velocity of metal anode becomes lower, then oxygen bubbles release from the anodic surface. At higher current density, since the produced oxygen is more than that consumed, oxygen is released. Bubbles released at low current density grow, coalesce to a big one and then set free at the anodic surface. The diameter of released bubble decreases with the increasing of current density.
Key words: metal anode; bubble; current density; see-through electrolysis cell
