(1. 清華大學 核能與新能源技術研究院，北京 100084；
2. 武漢工程大學 湖北省新型反應器綠色化學工藝重點實驗室，武漢 430074)
摘 要: 采用粉碎白銅合金廢料→酸浸出→N902萃取分離出銅離子→P204萃取分離出鋅離子→水相中剩余硫酸鎳溶液工藝回收白銅合金廢料中的有色金屬。經(jīng)實驗得到較優(yōu)回收工藝條件是將初步機械粉碎的白銅合金投入硫酸溶液中反應，得到浸出液；使用銅特效萃取劑N902首先分離出浸出液中的銅離子。結果表明，萃取劑N902對銅具有較好的選擇性。在相比為1:1、pH值為0.57、N902的體積濃度為50%，混合時間為90 s的條件下，銅的萃取率達到99.36%。使用2 mol/L的硫酸進行反萃操作，平衡時間僅為30 s，反萃回收率達到99.68%；使用萃取劑P204萃取分離后續(xù)水相溶液中的鋅離子，在相比為2׃1、pH值為2.93、P204體積濃度為40%的條件下，混合時間為1 min，經(jīng)5級萃取后鋅離子的萃取率為99.73%，且?guī)缀醪惠腿∷嘀械逆嚕x擇性分離效果好。使用1 mol/L的硫酸反萃，經(jīng)40 s混合后，反萃達平衡，富鋅有機相的反萃率為100%。整條工藝完成了銅、鎳和鋅3種主要離子間的分離，得到硫酸銅、硫酸鋅和硫酸鎳3種產品。
關鍵字: 回收；白銅合金；N902；P204；萃取
（1. Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102201, China;
2. Hubei Key Laboratory Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology,
Wuhan 430073, China）
Abstract: In order to recover nonferrous metals in copper-nickel alloy scrap, a corresponding technology was adopted as follows crushing copper-nickel alloy scrap→leaching the sample with sulfuric acid→extracting copper ion with N902→extracting zinc ion with P204→getting nickelous sulfate solution. Based on the experiments, the operation fators were optimized as follows. At first, the leaching solution is obtained after putting copper-nickel alloy scrap into sulfuric acid solution. Second, extractant N902 is utilized to extract copper in the leaching solution and has good selectivity to copper. The extraction rate of copper can reach 99.36% at the room temperature when the phase ratio, pH value, N902 concentration and mixing time are 1׃1, 0.57, 50% and 90 s, respectively. The stripping rate of copper is 99.68% by using 2 mol/L sulfuric acid solution after 30 s. Finally, the extraction rate of zinc can reach 99.73% at the room temperature by five-stage extraction when the pH value, phase ratio, P204 concentration and mixing time are 2.93, 2׃1, 40% and 60 s, respectively. At the same time, there is no nickel extracted due to the fine selectivity of the extractant. If stripped with 1 mol/L H2SO4, 100% zinc in the organic phase can be stripped during 40 s. All the above results indicate significantly that the copper, nickle and zinc can be separated successfully by this technology and the three products of copper sulfate, zinc sulfate and nickelous sulfate are finally obtained.
Key words: recycling; copper-nickel alloy; N902; P204; solvent extraction
