( 福州大學(xué) 材料科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院， 福州 350002)
摘 要: 采用熔煉法制備出新型Ni-Cu-C固體自潤(rùn)滑材料， 研究了稀土鎂球化劑對(duì)Ni-Cu-C合金中石墨的球化作用。 結(jié)果表明： 在加入銅量0～50％范圍內(nèi)， 用0.75％的稀土鎂球化劑可以使結(jié)晶的石墨有效球化； 石墨經(jīng)球化處理后， 形核密度提高， 分布均勻； 銅的固溶作用提高了合金基體的硬度， 增大了材料的電阻率， 在加入量大的情況下， 對(duì)石墨有一定的球化作用， 但降低石墨的含量； Ni-Cu-C合金的自潤(rùn)滑性能隨石墨含量的提高及球化而得到改善； 與退火態(tài)45#鋼和GCr15軸承鋼進(jìn)行干摩擦磨損時(shí)， Ni-20％Cu-3.5％C合金的摩擦因數(shù)分別保持在0.12和0.13。
關(guān)鍵字: Ni-Cu-C合金； 熔煉法； 稀土鎂球化劑； 球化處理； 摩擦磨損
（ School of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University , Fuzhou 350002, China）
Abstract: The Ni-Cu-C solid selflubricating materials were prepared by melting method and the spheroidization effect of rare earth magnesium on graphite of Ni-Cu-C was studied. The results show that with the addition percent of Cu within 0-50%, the spheroidization effect of 0.75% of rare earth magnesium on the graphite during crystallization is effective. After the graphite being spheroidized, its nucleation density increases and distributes homogeneously. The solution of Cu improves the hardness of alloy matrix and the electrical resistivity of Ni-Cu-C alloy. The more adding of Cu has the effective spheroidization on the graphite, but reduces the content graphite. The self-lubricating properties of Ni-Cu-C alloy increase with the increasing of graphite content and spheroidization. Through dry friction and wear experiment against 45# annealed steel and GCr15 bearing steel, it was found that the friction coefficient of the Ni-20％Cu-3.5％C alloy remains stably as 0.12 and 0.13, respectively.
Key words: Ni-Cu-C alloy; melting method; rare earth magnesium nodularizer; spheroidization; friction and wear
