( 北京化工大學 現(xiàn)代催化研究所， 北京 100029)
摘 要: 采用均相溶液化學還原法與超臨界流體干燥法相結(jié)合的組合技術(shù)，制備了高純度、高分散性、高抗氧化性的立方晶系納米級銅粉。通過考察反應體系pH值、反應物配比、無水硫酸銅濃度、反應溫度、分散劑對反應速度及產(chǎn)物粒徑的影響，得出最佳工藝條件是：pH值為2，無水硫酸銅與次亞磷酸鈉的摩爾比為1∶1.3，無水硫酸銅濃度為0.2 mol/L，采用復合非離子型分散劑，反應溫度為50 ℃，反應時間為2 h。經(jīng)超臨界流體干燥制得的納米銅粉用IR、TEM、XRD進行了表征。結(jié)果表明，粉體顆粒為球形，粒徑約為25 nm；與普通干燥法比較，超臨界流體干燥法實現(xiàn)了粉體干燥與表面改性一步完成。最后，討論了納米銅粉對潤滑油摩擦學性能的影響。
關(guān)鍵字: 超臨界流體干燥法； 納米銅粉； 化學還原法； 摩擦學性能
（ Graduate School of Modern Catalyst,
Beijing University of Chemical Technology,
Beijing 100029, China）
Abstract: High stable and dispersive nanosized copper particles with spherical shape and average size of 25 nm were produced by combining the chemical reduction method with supercritical fluid drying technique. The optimum process conditions selected by test was found as follows: pH value is 2, the molar ratio of CuSO4 to NaH2PO2 is 1.3, the concentration of CuSO4 is 0.2 mol/L, reaction temperature is 50 ℃, reaction time is 2 h，using multiplex non-ionic dispersant. The copper powders gotten at the best conditions were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and infrared ray microscopy. Moreover, the tribology property of lubricating oil containing the nanocopper powder was also discussed.
Key words: supercritical fluid drying technique; nanosized copper; chemical reduction; tribology
