(1. 合肥工業(yè)大學(xué) 摩擦學(xué)研究所，合肥 230009；
2. 合肥工業(yè)大學(xué) 材料科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院， 合肥 230009)
摘 要: 采用粉末冶金工藝制備銅基石墨復(fù)合材料， 考察燒結(jié)工藝、 石墨粉顆粒表面鍍鎳及強(qiáng)化相對(duì)銅基石墨復(fù)合材料的力學(xué)性能和組織結(jié)構(gòu)的影響， 并對(duì)材料的組分、 顯微組織形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)及斷口形貌等進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的觀察和分析， 測(cè)試材料的硬度、 沖擊韌性和在室溫、 300 ℃、 500 ℃各溫度的壓潰強(qiáng)度。 結(jié)果表明： 采用鍍鎳石墨粉改善了石墨和銅合金基體界面結(jié)合狀態(tài)， 界面結(jié)合更加牢固緊密， 明顯提高銅基石墨復(fù)合材料的力學(xué)性能， 室溫壓潰強(qiáng)度和沖擊韌性提高了30%~50%， 高溫強(qiáng)度提高了35%~60%， 而對(duì)復(fù)合材料的硬度影響不大， 復(fù)壓復(fù)燒工藝更有利于發(fā)揮鍍鎳石墨粉的優(yōu)越性。
關(guān)鍵字: 粉末冶金； 銅基復(fù)合材料； 鍍鎳石墨粉； 力學(xué)性能
LIU Kun1, WU Yu-cheng2
（1. Institute of Tribology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China;
2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China）
Abstract: The copper-matrix/graphite composite materials were prepared by powder metallurgy method. The influence of sintering process, graphite coated with nickel and reinforcement on mechanical properties and microstructure of the composites was investigated. The composition, microstructure and fracture morphology of the composites were observed and analyzed systematically. The hardness and impact toughness of the composites were measured, and the disruption strength at room temperature, 300 ℃ and 500 ℃ of the composites were tested, too. The results show that graphite particles coated with nickel greatly improve the interfacial combination between graphite and copper-matrix and remarkably increase the mechanical properties of the composites, the strength and toughness of the composites at room temperature increase by 30%-50%, the high temperature strength of the composites increase by 35%-60%, but there is little influence on the hardness of the composites. The coated graphite shows the superiority performance through the repressing and resintering process.
Key words: powder metallurgy; copper-matrix composite material; graphite coated with nickel; mechanical properties
