(1. 天津大學 化工學院，天津 300072
2. 中南大學 化學化工學院，長沙 410083)
摘 要: 采用含有胍基的長碳鏈季銨鹽作捕收劑，研究一水硬鋁石、高嶺石、葉臘石和伊利石單礦物的浮選行為、鋁硅人工混合礦樣的浮選分離以及河南鋁土礦的精選。結果表明：在捕收劑用量為2×10−4 mol/L條件下，在廣泛的pH范圍內，十二烷基胍對硅酸鹽礦物具有較好的捕收能力，平均浮選回收率可達80%；強堿性條件下，一水硬鋁石的浮選回收率從80%急劇下降至20%，與高嶺石、葉臘石和伊利石之間形成較大差異；以十二烷基胍為捕收劑可望實現(xiàn)鋁硅礦物反浮選分離；實際鋁土礦(原礦鋁硅比為5.70)經過反浮選脫硅，精礦鋁硅比達11.08，鋁浮選回收率為75%；與傳統(tǒng)的陽離子捕收劑十二胺相比，胍類陽離子捕收劑對硅酸鹽礦物浮選能力強、受pH的影響小，是一種新型高效的鋁硅礦物浮選分離捕收劑。
關鍵字: 十二烷基胍；一水硬鋁石；硅酸鹽礦物；浮選；分離
using dodecylguanidine
（1. School of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;
2. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract: The flotation behaviors of diaspore and aluminosilicate minerals including kaolinite, pyrophyllite and illite, the flotation separation of artificial mixed minerals with diaspore and aluminosilicates were all investigated, and the flotation of one bauxite ore by using a guanidine cationic surfactant dodecylguanidine sulfate was also studied. The results show that with 2×10−4 mol/L dodecylguanidine collector, the floatabilities of kaolinite, pyrophyllite and illite are good, with average recovery rates of about 80%. Whereas the flotability of diaspore is pH-dependent in alkaline region, and the recovery rate drops from 80% to 20%. So the flotation separation of diaspore against the aluminosilicates is feasible by using guanidine collector in high alkaline. When the bauxite ore has the mass ratio of Al to Si of 5.70, the obtained concentrate has the mass ratio of Al to Si of 11.08, and the recovery rate of Al is 75%. Comparing with dodecylamine, the dodecylguanidine is an effective collector because of its strong collecting power and pH-independence.
Key words: dodecylguanidine; diaspore; aluminosilicte; flotation; separation
