(中南大學 冶金科學與工程學院，長沙 410083)
摘 要: 使用有限元軟件Ansys仿真計算5 kA級惰性陽極鋁電解槽的槽膛內形及熱平衡情況。結果表明：過熱度和側部炭塊類型對槽膛內形產生顯著影響，過熱度增加10 ℃，槽幫厚度減少約50%，伸腿寬度減少約30%；側部炭塊散熱性越好，槽幫厚度和伸腿寬度越大；半石墨質類型的側部炭塊能夠在保證形成滿足要求的槽膛內形時降低熱量損失，建議采用這類側部炭塊；采取一定措施后，采用半石墨質陰極和石墨化陰極的電解槽均能實現熱平衡，石墨化陰極電解槽比普通陰極電解槽所需能量約多9%，但在熱平衡時陰極底部等溫線分布更合理。
關鍵字: 鋁電解；惰性陽極；電解槽；熱平衡；數值模擬
（School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract: The cell profile and heat balance of 5 kA grade aluminum reduction cell with inert anodes were calculated and simulated by finite element software Ansys. The results show that the superheat temperature and type of side carbon block have great influence on the cell profile. When the superheat temperature increases 10 ℃, the ledge thickness is reduced by about 50%, the ledge width is reduced by about 30%. The better the heat dissipation capability of side carbon block is, the thicker the cell ledge is. The semi graphitic side carbon block is advised because it can not only assure the required cell profile but also reduce the heat dissipation. The heat balance calculation shows that both the cell with semi graphitic cathode and graphitized cathode can achieve heat balance by taking some measures, while the cell with graphitized cathode needs about 9% more energy input than the cell with semi graphitic cathode, but it can assure more reasonable temperature distribution in the cathodes.
Key words: aluminum electrolysis; inert anode; reduction cell; heat balance; numerical simulation
