(1. 江西理工大學 材料與化學工程學院，贛州 341000；2. 北京礦冶研究總院，北京 100044)
摘 要: 研究煤在鐵閃鋅礦氧壓酸浸中的應用。實驗發(fā)現，含碳量高于70%的煤無助于鐵閃鋅礦浸出。在溫度為423 K時，低碳煤(褐煤)可以用作鐵閃鋅礦氧壓酸浸中優(yōu)良的硫分散劑，其用量選定1.0%(相對于精礦質量)為宜。在鐵閃鋅礦浸出過程中，褐煤有可能始終保持較高的分散單質硫的活性。在98%以上精礦粒度小于43 μm，液固比為4.5׃1 mL/g，浸出劑中初始硫酸濃度為1.43 mol/L，鋅濃度為0.62 mol/L，浸出溫度為423 K，氧分壓為0.5 MPa，攪拌轉速為800 r/min，浸出1.5 h條件下，添加1.0%褐煤后，鋅浸出率達到96%，渣含鋅低至1.7 %，上述工藝運行高效、穩(wěn)定。褐煤具有比木質素磺酸鈉更強的分散單質硫的能力，并能基本消除單質硫對浸出殘余硫化礦的沾染。褐煤在明顯促進鐵閃鋅礦溶解的同時，抑制了黃鐵礦的浸出。
關鍵字: 煤；硫分散劑；鐵閃鋅礦；氧壓酸浸
（1. Falculty of Material and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China;2. Beijing General Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Beijing 100044, China）
Abstract:Oxidative pressure leaching of marmatite concentrates with adding coal as elemental-sulfur disperser was investigated. The experimental results show that the coal with carbon content higher than 70% can not improve the leaching of zinc. The coal with low carbon content (lignite coal) can act as excellent elemental-sulfur disperser in the pressure leaching of marmatite concentrates at 423 K. The appropriate dosage of lignite coal is further determined as 1.0% of the mass of concentrates. The leaching rate of zinc is achieved as high as 96% in the following conditions: the particle size of concentrates of 98% less than 43 μm, the lignite coal dosage of 1.0% of the mass of concentrates, the liquid to solid ratio of 4.5׃1 mL/g, the initial sulfuric acid concentration of 1.43 mol/L, the initial zinc concentration of 0.62 mol/L, the leaching temperature of 423 K, the oxygen partial pressure of 0.5 MPa, the agitation speed of 800 r/min, the leaching time of 1.5 h. This pressure leaching technique is proved to be effective and stable. The sulfur-dispersing capability of lignite coal is further proved to be much higher than that of sodium lignosulphonate. The adherence of elemental sulfur to residual sulfide ores in the slag is nearly eliminated with lignite coal as elemental-sulfur disperser.
Key words: coal; elemental-sulfur disperser; marmatite concentrates; oxidative pressure leaching
