(大連交通大學(xué) 材料科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院，大連 116028)
摘 要: 采用粉末冶金技術(shù)制備銅基陶瓷強(qiáng)化材料，通過定速摩擦實(shí)驗(yàn)機(jī)和1׃1制動(dòng)實(shí)驗(yàn)臺測試了材料在多種摩擦條件下摩擦磨損性能的變化。結(jié)果表明：摩擦條件對摩擦磨損性能有明顯影響，摩擦順序、摩擦速度、摩擦壓力的不同，造成摩擦表面溫度不同；溫度增高有利于形成連續(xù)致密的表面第三體，這種高溫第三體組織對基體有良好保護(hù)，起到增加和穩(wěn)定摩擦因數(shù)、降低磨損量的作用；定速摩擦順序與慣性摩擦順序在溫升條件相似時(shí)，摩擦因數(shù)的變化具有相似性；在濕摩擦條件下，摩擦因數(shù)略有降低且穩(wěn)定性好，原因在于水分對摩擦表面具有冷卻及潤滑作用；所研制材料摩擦因數(shù)的變化程度處于國際鐵路聯(lián)盟標(biāo)準(zhǔn)控制范圍內(nèi)。
關(guān)鍵字: 銅基摩擦材料；閘片材料；第三體；摩擦性能
braking materials used for trains
（College of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China）
Abstract:The friction and wear properties of particle-reinforced copper matrix composites fabricated by powder metallurgy, were measured by friction tester and 1׃1 test bench, respectively. The results show that the friction conditions have strong effects on the friction properties of the materials in terms of different surface temperatures caused by various friction mode, friction speeds and braking pressures. Under high temperatures, the continuous and compact third bodies form easily on the surfaces, which protect the substrate, increase and stabilize the friction coefficient，and reduce the wear. The friction coefficient at constant speeds changes similarly to that at the inertial friction style, in case of similar temperature conditions. The friction coefficient of the present studied materials is low under wet condition, due to the fact that the moisture decreases the temperature of the surface and lubricates it as well. The friction coefficients of the materials are well within the scope ruled by the UIC Code.
Key words: Cu-based friction material; braking materials; third body; friction properties
