(1. 中南大學(xué) 資源與安全工程學(xué)院，長(zhǎng)沙 410083；2. 北京科技大學(xué) 土木與環(huán)境工程學(xué)院，北京 100083)
摘 要: 針對(duì)排土場(chǎng)堆浸過(guò)程中微粒滲濾沉積作用對(duì)礦堆孔隙率的影響，建立微細(xì)顆粒沉積和堆體滲流數(shù)學(xué)模型。在一維條件下，利用有限差分法對(duì)模型進(jìn)行理論計(jì)算，并通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證，結(jié)果表明：微粒的滲濾沉積降低浸堆的孔隙率，增大溶液的滲透阻力；在常流量動(dòng)水頭條件下，滲濾沉積首先發(fā)生在模型注液端的20 cm以內(nèi)，沿滲流方向上，流體壓力隨時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)而增大；在常水頭條件下，隨時(shí)間的推移，滲流速度逐漸降低，表明堆體的滲透性降低，與排土場(chǎng)浸堆實(shí)際情況相符。因此，應(yīng)采取必要的技術(shù)措施，防止微粒滲濾沉積，這對(duì)于改善堆體的滲透性和提高浸出率，具有重要的意義。
關(guān)鍵字: 微粒；滲濾沉積；排土場(chǎng)；滲流特性；數(shù)學(xué)模型
（1. School of Resource and Safety Engineering, Central South University,Changsha 410083, China;2. School of Civil and Environment Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China）
Abstract: Based on the effect of particles sedimentation during leaching on the seepage characteristic of copper dumps, a mathematic model describing the law of particles sedimentation and seepage in dump was built. The theoretical solution of one-dimensional model resulted by finite difference method and a simulation test was carried out to validate it. The results show that the particles sedimentation decreases the porosity of dump and increases the resistance of seepage. To keep a fix flux and fluctuant pressure, the particles would deposit within the 20 cm zone along the streamline, and the flow pressure increases with prolonging time. On the other hand, to keep a fix pressure, the flow velocity also decreases. This indicates that the permeability of dump was decayed. These phenomena are identical with the facts of dump leaching. So it is important to take technical measures to prevent particles from depositing for improving the permeability of dump and increasing the metal leaching rate in practice.
Key words: particles; infiltration deposition; dump; seepage characteristic; mathematic model
