(合肥工業(yè)大學(xué) 摩擦學(xué)研究所，合肥 230009)
摘 要: 利用化學(xué)鍍技術(shù)制備鍍銅和鍍鎳石墨粉，采用粉末冶金復(fù)壓復(fù)燒工藝制備銅基石墨自潤(rùn)滑復(fù)合材料，測(cè)試了復(fù)合材料的摩擦磨損性能，利用X射線衍射、掃描電鏡和能譜儀等分析該復(fù)合材料的結(jié)構(gòu)、摩擦磨損性能及機(jī)理。結(jié)果表明：石墨表面銅、鎳鍍層改善了石墨和銅合金基體界面結(jié)合，摩擦過(guò)程中所形成的潤(rùn)滑膜與基體粘附性好，顯示出更好的潤(rùn)滑減摩效果，摩擦副摩擦因數(shù)由0.24降低到0.20，磨損率降低約50％；實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下，6%(質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù))石墨銅基復(fù)合材料經(jīng)歷輕微磨損、中等磨損和嚴(yán)重磨損3個(gè)磨損過(guò)程；而6%鍍銅、鍍鎳石墨銅基復(fù)合材料只經(jīng)歷輕微磨損和中等磨損兩個(gè)磨損過(guò)程
關(guān)鍵字: 銅；石墨；金屬化；復(fù)合材料；摩擦學(xué)
（Institute of Tribology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China）
Abstract:The graphites coated with copper or nickel were prepared using electroless plating technology. And the Cu-matrix/graphite composite materials were made by repressing and resintering process of powder metallurgy. The tribological properties of the composites were investigated on a tribometer. The composite structure, wear process and wear mechanism were analyzed by XRD, SEM and EDS. The results show that the interfacial combination between the graphites and copper-matrix is greatly improved by the graphite particles coated with copper or nickel, resulting in the good adhesion of the lubricating film to matrix. The composites with coated graphite particles exhibit better anti-friction and anti-wear, i.e., the coefficient of friction decreases from 0.24 (graphite without coatings) to 0.20 (with coatings), and the wear rate is decreased by 50%. Under this test conditions, the wear process of Copper matrix composites with 6%(mass fraction) graphite have three typical stages, such as, slight wear stage, medium wear stage and severe wear stage. The wear process of the composites containing 6% graphite coated with copper or nickel has only two typical stages, namely slight wear stage and medium wear stage.
Key words: copper; graphite; metallization; composites; tribology
